Tuberculosis (TB), is the world’s deadliest infectious disease. It continues to devastate millions globally, inflicting severe health, social, and economic consequences. This theme for 2025 is, “Yes! We Can End TB: Commit, Invest, Deliver”. TB is a contagious airborne disease caused mainly by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which most often affects the lungs. TB is spread through the air when people with lung TB cough, sneeze or spit. A person needs to inhale only a few germs to become infected.

Symptoms & Signs of TB

Recognizing TB early is critical to effective treatment and prevention of its spread. The symptoms of active TB can vary but typically include: · Persistent Cough lasting three weeks or more · Coughing up Blood or phlegm · Unexplained Weight Loss · Night Sweats and Chills · Fever and Fatigue · Loss of Appetite · Chest Pain or difficulty breathing Not everyone infected with TB bacteria becomes sick. Some individuals develop latent TB infection (LTBI), meaning they have the bacteria in their body but do not show symptoms. However, without treatment, LTBI can progress into active TB disease.

Diagnosis of TB

Early detection is key to controlling TB. Several diagnostic tests can confirm TB infection, including:
1. Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) – A small amount of TB protein is injected under the skin to check for an immune response.
2. Interferon-Gamma Release Assays (IGRAs) – Blood tests that detect TB infection.
3. Sputum Microscopy and Culture – Examining lung secretions (sputum) for TB bacteria.
4. Chest X-ray or CT scan – Helps detect lung abnormalities caused by TB.
5. Molecular Testing (GeneXpert) – A rapid and highly accurate test that detects TB bacteria and resistance to medications.
If you experience TB symptoms or have been in close contact with someone diagnosed with TB, it is crucial to seek medical evaluation immediately.

Prevention: Stopping the Spread of TB

Prevention plays a crucial role in eliminating TB. Here’s how you can protect yourself and others:Obesity can be classified based on fat distribution and underlying causes:
1. Vaccination: The Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine provides protection, especially for children in high-risk areas.
2. Early Detection & Treatment: Prompt treatment of both latent and active TB prevents further transmission.
3. Good Respiratory Hygiene: Covering your mouth and nose while coughing or sneezing reduces the spread of TB bacteria.
4. Adequate Ventilation: TB bacteria spread more easily in closed, crowded spaces. Open windows and ensure proper airflow.
5. Healthy Lifestyle: A strong immune system can help prevent TB infection. Eat a balanced diet, exercise regularly, and avoid smoking or excessive alcohol consumption.
6. Medication Adherence: If diagnosed with TB, completing the full course of treatment is essential to prevent drug resistance and relapse.

Conclusion

The fight against TB requires a collective effort from individuals, communities, healthcare workers, and policymakers. This World TB Day, let us spread awareness, encourage early detection, and support global efforts to make TB a disease of the past. If you or someone you know is experiencing TB symptoms, seek medical help immediately. Together, we can END TB!

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